Famous scientists and their inventions |physics|

 

Famous Scientists and their Inventions

After you read this article you can know the physics famous scientists names their birth and passed away dates. Inventions and nobel prize dates if they got. 

Lord Kelvin

1. Lord Kelvin of Scotland studied at Cambridge University, was a champion rower and later became a professor of natural philosophy at the University of Glasgow. 
2. Lord Kelvin invented the Kelvin scale in 1848 used on thermometers.
3. The Kelvin scale measures the ultimate extremes of hot and cold.
4. Kelvin developed the idea of absolute temperature. It is called the second law of thermodynamics and developed the dynamical theory of heat.
5. In the 19th century, scientists were researching possibility of the lowest temperature. The Kelvin scale uses the same units of Celsius scale but it starts at absolute zero.
6. Absolute zero is 0°C which is -273 K.

Henry Cavendish

1. Henry Cavendish conducted first his experiments on heat, electricity and magnetism.

2. He showed that water is composed of oxygen and hydrogen.

3. He measured heats of fusion and evaporation as well as specific heats and those of the mixing of solutions in water.

4. Cavendish measurements of the freezing points of various solutions showed the existence of compositions that yield maximum and minimum freezing points.

5. Cavendish experiments included the investigation of capacitance.

6. In his experiments, he measured the strength of a current by shocking himself

and estimating the magnitude of the pair.

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Pierre de Fermat

1. A French Lawyer at the Parliament of Toulouse, France and an amateur mathematician.

2. He made notable contributions to analytical geometry, probability and optics.

3. He proposed his principle on light which states that light selects the path which takes least time to travel. This principle was famous as Fermat principle.

Svante August Arrhenius

1. Svante August Arrhenius was born on February 19, 1859, the son of Svante Gustaf Arrhenius and Carolina Christina Thunberg.

2. This resulted in his thesis (1884) Recherches sur la conductibilite galvanique on electrolytes (Investigations on the galvanic conductivity of electrolytes) . 

3. From his results the author concluded that electrolytes, when dissolved in water, become to varying degrees split or dissociate into electrically opposite ions depending on the nature of the substance and its concentration in the solution being more developed the greater the dilution.

4. The ions were supposed to be the carriers of the electric current, e.g. in electrolysis. These ions are also of the chemical activity.

JFW Adolf Von Baeyer (1835-1917)

1. Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf Von Baeyer was born on October 31, 1835 in Berlin (Germany).

2. He was interested in chemical experiments. He found a new double salt of copper.

3. He studied on Methyl Chloride, Uric acid, Indigo etc.

4. He discovered Indole.

5. His 'Baeyer strain theory of the Carbon rings' is very famous.

6. He received the Nobel Prize in 1905.

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Acharya Nagarjuna (AD 931)

1. Acharya Nagarjuna was born in AD 931 in Gujarat (India). He was an alchemist.

2. He knew an art of transmuting base metals to look like gold.

3. He was a metallurgist and chemist. He was very famous for his book 'Rasavada'. It deals about Mercury compounds.

4. He discussed about the extraction of costly metals like gold, silver etc., in his

writings.

Willibrord Snell van Royen

1. He was a Dutch astronomer and mathematician.

2. His name has been attached to the law of refraction of light.

3. In 1615, he planned and carried into practice a new method of finding the radius of the earth by determining the distance of one point from parallel of latitude of another by means of triangulation.

4. He was famous for his Snell's law related to refraction of light.

Sir David Brewster

1. Sir David Brewster was a Scottish physicist, mathematician, astronomer,

inventor, writer, historian of science.

2. Most noted for his contributions to the field of optics.

3. He studied the double refraction by compression and discovered photoelastic effect.

4. William Whewell dubbed him the "Father of Modern Experimental Optics" and "The Johannes Kepler of Optics".

5. He is well recognized by inventor of Kaledioscope and stereoscope.

Galileo Galilei

1. Galileo Galilei was born in Puja, Italy, in 1564.
2. He invented a tripod microscope, built a telescope.
3. While gazing through the telescope, Galileo observed and drew what he saw.The moon's phases, the milky way, clusters of stars and phenomena that seemed to confirm his idea that the Earth was not the centre of the universe. Contrary to the popular Ptolemaic system, Galileo hypothesized that the Earth was one of many heavenly bodies that comprise our solar system.
4. Although Galileo is remembered for both of his experiments with gravity and for his astronomical observations, his invention of the telescope is probably his most significant contribution.
5. Other significant areas of Galileo's influence include mechanics, microscopy
6. and magnetism. 

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